Ọrụ Platelet Physiological

Platelet (thrombocytes) bụ obere iberibe cytoplasm ewepụtara na cytoplasm nke Megakaryocyte tozuru okè na ụmị ọkpụkpụ.Ọ bụ ezie na Megakaryocyte bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị nta nke mkpụrụ ndụ hematopoietic na ụmị ọkpụkpụ, na-aza naanị 0.05% nke ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ụmị ọkpụkpụ, platelet ha na-emepụta dị oke mkpa maka ọrụ hemostatic nke ahụ.Megakaryocyte ọ bụla nwere ike imepụta platelet 200-700.

Ọnụọgụ platelet nke okenye nkịtị bụ (150-350) × 109/L.Platelet nwere ọrụ nke idobe iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke mgbidi arịa ọbara.Mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ platelet na-ebelata ruo 50 × Mgbe ọbara mgbali dị n'okpuru 109/L, obere trauma ma ọ bụ naanị mmụba ọbara nwere ike ime ka ntụpọ ọbara dị na akpụkpọ ahụ na submucosa, na ọbụna nnukwu purpura.Nke a bụ n'ihi na platelet nwere ike ibido na mgbidi vaskụla n'oge ọ bụla iji mejupụta oghere ndị fọdụrụ na njedebe nke cell endothelial, ma nwee ike ịbanye n'ime sel endothelial vaskụla, nke nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe ma ọ bụ imezi mkpụrụ ndụ endothelial.Mgbe platelet dị ole na ole, ọrụ ndị a na-esiri ike imecha ma enwere ike ime ọbara ọgbụgba.Platelet dị n'ọbara na-ekesa na-adịkarị n'ọnọdụ "kwụ ọtọ".Ma mgbe arịa ọbara mebiri emebi, platelet na-arụ ọrụ site na kọntaktị elu na omume nke ụfọdụ ihe coagulation.platelet arụ ọrụ nwere ike hapụ usoro ihe dị mkpa maka usoro hemostatic na mmega ahụ na-arụ ọrụ physiological dị ka adhesion, aggregation, ntọhapụ, na adsorption.

Platelet na-emepụta Megakaryocyte na-esitekwa na mkpụrụ ndụ hematopoietic na ụmị ọkpụkpụ.Mkpụrụ ndụ hematopoietic na-ebu ụzọ dị iche na sel megakaryocyte progenitor, nke a makwaara dị ka colony forming unit megakaryocyte (CFU Meg).Ihe chromosomes dị na nucleus nke progenitor cell na-abụkarị 2-3 ploidy.Mgbe mkpụrụ ndụ progenitor bụ diploid ma ọ bụ tetraploid, mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ike ịba ụba, yabụ nke a bụ ọkwa mgbe ahịrị Megakaryocyte na-abawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ sel.Mgbe mkpụrụ ndụ progenitor megakaryocyte gara n'ihu dị iche na 8-32 ploidy Megakaryocyte, cytoplasm malitere iche na usoro Endomembrane ji nwayọọ nwayọọ mechaa.N'ikpeazụ, ihe akpụkpọ ahụ na-ekewa cytoplasm nke Megakaryocyte n'ime ọtụtụ obere mpaghara.Mgbe sel ọ bụla kewapụrụ kpamkpam, ọ na-aghọ platelet.Otu otu, platelet na-ada site na Megakaryocyte site na oghere dị n'etiti sel endothelial nke mgbidi sinus nke vein wee banye n'ọbara ọbara.

Inwe kpamkpam dị iche iche immunological Njirimara.TPO bụ glycoprotein nke akụrụ na-emepụta nke ọma, yana ịdị arọ molekụla dị ihe dịka 80000-90000.Mgbe platelet dị n'ọbara na-ebelata, ntinye nke TPO n'ime ọbara na-abawanye.Ọrụ nke ihe nchịkwa a na-agụnye: ① na-eme ka njikọ DNA dịkwuo mma na sel ndị na-amụba ma na-amụba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cell polyploids;② Na-akpali Megakaryocyte iji mepụta protein;③ Na-abawanye mkpokọta megakaryocyte, na-ebute mmụba nke mmepụta platelet.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a kwenyere na mgbasawanye na ọdịiche nke Megakaryocyte bụ nke a na-achịkwa nke ọma site na usoro nchịkwa abụọ na ọkwa abụọ nke ọdịiche.Ndị na-achịkwa abụọ a bụ megakaryocyte Colony-stimulating factor (Meg CSF) na Thrombopoietin (TPO).Meg CSF bụ ihe na-achịkwa nke na-arụkarị ọrụ na ọkwa sel progenitor, yana ọrụ ya bụ ịhazi mmụba nke sel progenitor megakaryocyte.Mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ezu nke Megakaryocyte na ụmị ọkpụkpụ na-ebelata, mmepụta nke usoro nhazi a na-abawanye.

Mgbe platelet abanyechara n'ọbara, ha na-arụ ọrụ physiological naanị ụbọchị abụọ mbụ, mana nkezi ndụ ha nwere ike ịbụ ụbọchị 7-14.N'ime ihe omume hemostatic physiological, platelet n'onwe ha ga-agbaji ma hapụ ihe niile na-arụ ọrụ mgbe nchịkọta;Ọ nwekwara ike ịbanye n'ime sel endothelial vaskụla.Na mgbakwunye na ịka nká na mbibi, a pụkwara iri platelet n'oge ọrụ physiological ha.Plaletlet merela agadi na-ejupụta na splin, imeju, na anụ ahụ ngụgụ.

1. Ultrastructure nke platelet

N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, platelet na-apụta dị ka diski convex ntakịrị n'akụkụ abụọ, na nkezi dayameta nke 2-3 μm.Nkezi olu bụ 8 μM3.Platelet bụ mkpụrụ ndụ nwere oghere na-enweghị usoro a kapịrị ọnụ n'okpuru microscope anya, mana enwere ike ịhụ ultrastructure siri ike n'okpuru microscope elektrọn.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ekewa usoro nke platelet na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu, mpaghara sol gel, mpaghara Organelle na mpaghara sistemu akpụkpọ ahụ pụrụ iche.

Elu platelet nkịtị na-adị ire ụtọ, a na-ahụkwa obere ihe owuwu concave, ma bụrụ sistemu canalicular mepere emepe (OCS).Mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu nke elu platelet nwere akụkụ atọ: oyi akwa nke mpụta, akpụkpọ ahụ otu, na mpaghara submembrane.Uwe ahụ na-abụkarị nke glycoproteins dị iche iche (GP), dị ka GP Ia, GP Ib, GP IIa, GP IIb, GP IIIa, GP IV, GP V, GP IX, wdg. Ọ na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche nke adhesion anabata ma nwee ike jikọọ. na TSP, thrombin, collagen, fibrinogen, wdg Ọ dị oke mkpa maka platelet isonye na coagulation na nhazi usoro mgbochi.Akpụkpọ ahụ nke otu, nke a makwaara dị ka akpụkpọ ahụ plasma, nwere protein agbakwunyere na bilayer lipid.Ọnụọgụ na nkesa nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a metụtara njikọ platelet na ọrụ coagulation.Akpụkpọ ahụ nwere Na +-K+- ATPase, nke na-edobe ọdịiche dị n'icheta ion n'ime na n'èzí akpụkpọ ahụ.Mpaghara submembrane dị n'etiti akụkụ ala nke akpụkpọ ahụ unit na akụkụ mpụta nke microtubule.Mpaghara submembrane nwere filament submembrane na Actin, nke metụtara nrapado platelet na mkpokọta.

Microtubules, microfilaments na submembrane filaments dịkwa na mpaghara sol gel nke platelet.Ihe ndị a bụ usoro ọkpụkpụ na mkpirisi nke platelet, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nrụrụ platelet, ntọhapụ nke irighiri ihe, ịgbatị, na mkpirisi mkpụkọ.Ihe mejupụtara microtubules bụ Tubulin, na-aza 3% nke protein platelet.Isi ọrụ ha bụ ịnọgide na-enwe ọdịdị nke platelet.Microfilaments na-enwekarị Actin, nke bụ protein kachasị na platelet ma na-akpata 15% ~ 20% nke protein platelet.Filamenti submembrane bụ akụkụ nke eriri, nke nwere ike inyere protein na-ejikọta Actin na Actin crosslink n'ime ngwugwu ọnụ.N'ihe banyere ọnụnọ Ca2 +, actin na-akwado prothrombin, contractin, protein protein, co actin, myosin, wdg iji mejupụta mgbanwe ọdịdị platelet, nhazi pseudopodium, mkpụkọ cell na omume ndị ọzọ.

Isiokwu 1 Isi Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins

Mpaghara Organelle bụ ebe enwere ọtụtụ ụdị Organelle na platelet, nke nwere mmetụta dị mkpa na ọrụ nke platelet.Ọ bụkwa ebe nyocha na ọgwụ ọgbara ọhụrụ.Ihe kachasị mkpa na mpaghara Organelle bụ ihe dị iche iche, dị ka α Particles, dense particles (δ Particles) na Lysosome (λ Particles, wdg, lee Isiokwu 1 maka nkọwa.Granules bụ ebe nchekwa na platelet nwere ike izoputa protein.Enwere ihe karịrị iri na paịlị α nke ọ bụla.Tebụl 1 depụtara naanị ihe ndị bụ isi mejupụtara ya, dịka nyocha nke onye edemede si kwuo, a chọpụtala na α Enwere ihe karịrị ọkwa 230 nke platelet derived factor (PDF) dị na granules.Oke urughuru oke α The particles dị ntakịrị ntakịrị, na dayameta nke 250-300nm, na e nwere 4-8 ok ụmụ irighiri ihe na nke ọ bụla platelet.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a chọpụtala na 65% nke ADP na ATP na-echekwaba n'ime ihe dị arọ na platelet, na 90% nke 5-HT n'ime ọbara na-echekwaba n'ime oke.Ya mere, ihe dị oke mkpa dị mkpa maka nchịkọta platelet.A na-ejikwa ikike ịhapụ ADP na 5-HT na ụlọ ọgwụ iji nyochaa ọrụ nzuzo nke platelet.Na mgbakwunye, mpaghara a nwekwara mitochondria na Lysosome, nke bụkwa ebe nyocha n'ụlọ na mba ofesi n'afọ a.Enyere ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị atọ, James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman, na Thomas C. S ü dhof, 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine maka ịchọpụta ihe omimi nke usoro njem intracellular.Enwekwara otutu ubi amaghi ama na metabolism nke ihe na ike di na platelet site na ahu intracellular na Lysosome.

Mpaghara sistemu akpụkpọ ahụ pụrụ iche gụnyere OCS na sistemu tubular dense (DTS).OCS bụ usoro pipeline na-agbawa agbawa nke elu platelet na-emikpu n'ime ime platelet, na-amụba elu elu platelet na kọntaktị na plasma.N'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụ ọwa extracellular maka ihe dị iche iche ịbanye platelet wee wepụta ọdịnaya dị iche iche nke platelet.A naghị ejikọta pipeline DTS na ụwa dị n'èzí ma bụrụ ebe maka njikọ nke ihe dị n'ime sel ọbara.

2. Ọrụ Physiological nke Platelet

Isi ọrụ physiological nke platelet bụ isonye na hemostasis na thrombosis.Enwere ike kewaa ọrụ platelet na-arụ ọrụ n'oge hemostasis physiological ụzọ abụọ: mmalite hemostasis na nke abụọ hemostasis.Platelet na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'ọkwa abụọ nke hemostasis, mana usoro akọwapụtara nke ha ji arụ ọrụ ka dị iche.

1) Ọrụ mbụ hemostatic nke platelet

Akpụkpọ ahụ a na-emepụta n'oge hemostasis mbụ bụ thrombus na-acha ọcha, na mmeghachi omume na-arụ ọrụ dị ka nchịkọta platelet, nrụrụ, ntọhapụ, na nchịkọta bụ usoro dị mkpa na usoro hemostasis bụ isi.

I. mmeghachi omume nrapado platelet

Adhesion n'etiti platelet na ndị na-abụghị platelet n'elu ka a na-akpọ platelet adhesion, nke bụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na-ekere òkè na nkịtị mmeghachi omume hemostatic mgbe vaskụla mebiri emebi na nzọụkwụ dị mkpa na pathological thrombosis.Mgbe mmerụ ahụ vaskụla gasịrị, platelet na-asọfe na arịa a na-arụ ọrụ site na elu anụ ahụ dị n'okpuru endothelium vaskụla ma na-arapara ozugbo na eriri collagen ekpughere na saịtị mmerụ ahụ.Na nkeji 10, platelet ndị e debere na mpaghara ruru oke uru ha, na-eme mkịrịkọ ọbara ọcha.

Ihe ndị bụ isi na-etinye aka na nhazi nke ntanye platelet gụnyere platelet membrane glycoprotein Ⅰ (GP Ⅰ), von Willebrand factor (vW factor) na collagen na subendothelial anụ ahụ.Ụdị isi nke collagen dị na mgbidi vaskụla bụ ụdị I, III, IV, V, VI, na VII, n'ime ụdị I, III, na IV collagen bụ ihe kachasị mkpa maka usoro nchịkọta platelet n'okpuru ọnọdụ na-asọ asọ.Ihe na-akpata vW bụ àkwà mmiri nke na-ejikọta njikọ nke platelet iji pịnye collagen I, III, na IV, yana GP Ib nke glycoprotein kpọmkwem na-anabata ya na akpụkpọ ahụ platelet bụ isi ebe maka njikọ platelet collagen.Na mgbakwunye, glycoproteins GP IIb/IIIa, GP Ia/IIa, GP IV, CD36, na CD31 na akpụkpọ ahụ platelet na-esonyekwa na nrapanye na collagen.

II.Mmeghachi omume mkpokọta platelet

Ihe omume nke platelet na-arapara n'ahụ ibe ya ka a na-akpọ mkpokọta.Mmeghachi omume nchịkọta na-eme na mmeghachi omume adhesion.N'ihu Ca2+, platelet membrane glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa na fibrinogen mkpokọta platelet gbasasịrị ọnụ.Enwere ike ịkpalite mkpokọta Platelet site na usoro abụọ dị iche iche, otu bụ ụdị kemịkalụ dị iche iche, nke ọzọ na-akpata nrụgide shis n'okpuru ọnọdụ na-asọpụta.Ná mmalite nchịkọta, platelet na-agbanwe site na diski diski gaa n'ụdị okirikiri wee pụta n'ụkwụ pseudo dị ka obere ogwu;N'otu oge ahụ, mbibi platelet na-ezo aka na mwepụta nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ADP na 5-HT bụ ndị echekwara na mbụ n'ime oke.Ntọhapụ nke ADP, 5-HT na mmepụta nke ụfọdụ Prostaglandin dị ezigbo mkpa maka nchịkọta.

ADP bụ ihe kacha mkpa maka nchịkọta platelet, ọkachasị ADP endogenous ewepụtara na platelet.Tinye obere ADP (nleba anya na 0.9) na nkwusioru platelet μ N'okpuru mol / L), nwere ike ime ka nchịkọta platelet ngwa ngwa, ma ngwa ngwa depolymerize;Ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyere obere doses nke ADP (1.0) μ N'ihe dị ka mol/L, usoro nchịkọta nke abụọ a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha na-eme obere oge ka njedebe nke mbụ nchịkọta na oge nkwụsịtụ, bụ nke ADP nke endogenous wepụtara site na platelet;Ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyere nnukwu ADP, ọ na-eme ngwa ngwa na-eme ka nchịkọta a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha, nke na-abanye ozugbo na nkeji nke abụọ nke nchịkọta.Ịtinye usoro thrombin dị iche iche na nkwụsị nke platelet nwekwara ike ime ka nchịkọta platelet;Dịkwa ka ADP, ka usoro onunu ogwu ji nke nta nke nta na-abawanye, enwere ike ịhụ nchikota nchikota site na naanị nkeji nke mbụ ruo n'ọdịdị nke usoro abụọ nke mkpokọta, wee banye ozugbo na ngalaba nke abụọ nke mkpokọta.N'ihi na igbochi ntọhapụ nke ADP endogenous na adenosine nwere ike igbochi nchịkọta platelet kpatara site na thrombin, ọ na-egosi na mmetụta nke thrombin nwere ike ịkpata site na njikọ nke thrombin na ndị na-anabata thrombin na akpụkpọ anụ platelet, na-eduga na ntọhapụ nke ADP endogenous.Mgbakwunye nke collagen nwekwara ike ime ka nchịkọta platelet na nkwusioru, ma ọ bụ naanị nchịkọta a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha na nke abụọ ka a na-ekwenyekarị na ọ bụ ntọhapụ endogenous nke ADP kpatara site na collagen.Ihe ndị nwere ike ịkpata mkpokọta platelet nwere ike ibelata cAMP na platelet, ebe ndị na-egbochi nchịkọta platelet na-abawanye cAMP.Ya mere, a kwenyere ugbu a na mbelata nke cAMP nwere ike ime ka mmụba nke Ca2 + na platelet, na-akwalite mwepụta nke ADP endogenous.ADP na-ebute nchịkọta platelet, nke chọrọ ọnụnọ nke Ca2 + na fibrinogen, yana oriri ike.

Ọrụ nke platelet Prostaglandin phospholipid nke platelet plasma membrane nwere Arachidonic acid, na cell platelet nwere Phosphatidic acid A2.Mgbe platelet na-arụ ọrụ n'elu, Phospholipase A2 na-arụkwa ọrụ.N'okpuru catalysis nke Phospholipase A2, Arachidonic acid kewapụrụ na phospholipids na akpụkpọ ahụ plasma.Arachidonic acid nwere ike mepụta nnukwu TXA2 n'okpuru catalysis nke platelet cyclooxygenase na Thromboxane synthase.TXA2 na-ebelata cAMP na platelet, na-ebute nchịkọta platelet siri ike na mmetụta vasoconstriction.TXA2 adịghịkwa akwụrụ ọtọ, yabụ ọ na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa ka ọ bụrụ TXB2 anaghị arụ ọrụ.Na mgbakwunye, mkpụrụ ndụ endothelial vaskụla nkịtị nwere prostacyclin synthase, nke nwere ike ime ka mmepụta nke prostacyclin (PGI2) sitere na platelet.PGI2 nwere ike ịbawanye cAMP na platelet, yabụ na ọ nwere mmetụta mgbochi siri ike na nchịkọta platelet na Vasoconstriction.

Enwere ike ịfefe Adrenaline site na α 2. Mgbasa ozi nke Adrenergic receptor nwere ike ime ka nchịkọta platelet biphasic, na ntinye nke (0.1 ~ 10) μ Mol / L.Thrombin na obere mkpokọta (<0.1 μ Na mol / L, PAR1 na-ebutekarị nchịkọta nke mbụ nke platelet; N'ihe dị elu (0.1-0.3) μ Na mol/L, PAR1 na PAR4 nwere ike ịmalite nchịkọta nke abụọ. Ndị na-eme ihe siri ike nke nchịkọta platelet na-agụnyekwa platelet activating factor (PAF), collagen, vW factor, 5-HT, wdg. atherosclerosis.

III.Mmeghachi omume mwepụta platelet

Mgbe platelet na-edobere mkpali physiological, a na-echekwa ha na oke irighiri ihe α A na-akpọ ihe omume nke ọtụtụ ihe dị na irighiri ihe na lysosomes nke a na-achụpụ na sel.A na-enweta ọrụ nke ọtụtụ platelet site na mmetụta ndu nke ihe emepụtara ma ọ bụ wepụta n'oge mmeghachi omume ntọhapụ.Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị inducers niile na-ebute mkpokọta platelet nwere ike ibute mmeghachi omume ntọhapụ.Mmeghachi omume ntọhapụ na-apụtakarị mgbe agbakọta platelet nke mbụ na-aga, na ihe a na-ewepụta site na mmeghachi omume ntọhapụ na-akpalite nchịkọta nke abụọ.Enwere ike kewaa ndị inducers na-ebute mmeghachi omume ntọhapụ na:

i.Inducer adịghị ike: ADP, adrenaline, Norepinephrine, vasopressin, 5-HT.

ii.Ndị nrụpụta etiti: TXA2, PAF.

iii.Ndị na-emepụta ihe siri ike: thrombin, enzyme pancreatic, collagen.

2) Ọrụ platelet na coagulation ọbara

Platelet na-esonye na mmeghachi omume coagulation dị iche iche site na phospholipids na membrane glycoproteins, gụnyere mgbasa ozi na ịgbalite ihe coagulation (ihe IX, XI, na XII), nhazi nke coagulation na-akwalite ogige n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ phospholipid, na nkwalite nguzobe prothrombin.

Akpụkpọ ahụ plasma dị n'elu platelet na-ejikọta na ihe dị iche iche nke coagulation, dị ka fibrinogen, factor V, factor XI, factor XIII, wdg. na PF3 na-akwalite coagulation ọbara.PF4 nwere ike wepụ heparin, ebe PF6 na-egbochi fibrinolysis.Mgbe platelet na-arụ ọrụ n'elu, ha nwere ike mee ka usoro ịgbalite elu nke ihe coagulation XII na XI dị ngwa ngwa.A na-eche na elu phospholipid (PF3) nke platelet na-enye ga-eme ka ịgbalite prothrombin rụọ ọrụ ngwa ngwa site na 20000 ugboro.Mgbe ejikọta ihe Xa na V na elu nke phospholipid a, a pụkwara ichebe ha pụọ ​​​​na mmetụta mgbochi nke antithrombin III na heparin.

Mgbe platelet gbakọtara iji mepụta thrombus hemostatic, usoro coagulation amalitelarị na mpaghara, yana platelet ekpughere oke phospholipid dị elu, na-enye ọnọdụ dị oke mma maka ịgbalite factor X na prothrombin.Mgbe platelet na-akpali site na collagen, thrombin ma ọ bụ kaolin, Sphingomyelin na Phosphatidylcholine dị n'èzí nke akpụkpọ ahụ platelet na-atụgharị na phosphatidyl Ethanolamine na phosphatidylserine n'ime, na-ebute mmụba nke phosphatidyl Ethanolamine na phosphatidylserine n'elu.Otu phosphatidyl ndị dị n'elu tụgharịrị n'elu platelet na-ekere òkè na nhazi nke vesicles n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ n'oge arụ ọrụ platelet.Vesicles na-ewepụ ma banye n'ọbara na-ekesa microcapsules.Vesicles na microcapsules bara ụba na phosphatidylserine, nke na-enyere aka na mgbakọ na ịgbalite prothrombin ma na-ekere òkè n'ịkwalite coagulation ọbara.

Mgbe nchịkọta platelet gasịrị, α ya ntọhapụ nke ihe dị iche iche nke platelet n'ime ụmụ irighiri ihe na-akwalite nhazi na mmụba nke eriri ọbara, na ọnyà mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ndị ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ mkịrịkọ.Ya mere, ọ bụ ezie na platelet ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbaji, hemostatic emboli ka nwere ike ịbawanye.Platelet fọdụrụ n'ime mkpụkọ ọbara nwere pseudopodia na-agbatị n'ime netwọk eriri ọbara.Protein ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na platelet ndị a na-enwe nkwekọrịta, na-eme ka mkpụkọ ọbara na-alọghachi azụ, na-ewepụ serum ahụ ma ghọọ plọg siri ike hemostatic, na-emechi oghere vaskụla ahụ ike.

Mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ platelet na sistemu coagulation n'elu, ọ na-emekwa ka usoro fibrinolytic rụọ ọrụ.A ga-ahapụ Plasmin na onye na-arụ ọrụ ya dị na platelet.Ntọhapụ nke serotonin site na eriri ọbara na platelet nwekwara ike ime ka mkpụrụ ndụ endothelial hapụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ.Otú ọ dị, n'ihi mgbasa nke platelet na ntọhapụ nke PF6 na ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbochi proteases, ọrụ fibrinolytic anaghị emetụta ha n'oge a na-emepụta mkpụkọ ọbara.

(A na-ebipụtaghachi ọdịnaya nke isiokwu a, ma anyị anaghị enye nkwa ọ bụla ma ọ bụ nkwenye doro anya maka izi ezi, ntụkwasị obi ma ọ bụ izu oke nke ọdịnaya dị n'ime edemede a, ọ bụghịkwa maka echiche nke isiokwu a, biko ghọta.)